Testicular cancer affects only men since it affects the male genital gland.
It generally concerns men between 15 and 35 years of age. Testicular cancer usually affects only one of the two testicles.
Testicular cancer can occur in two distinct forms: seminomas (in reproductive cells) and non-seminomatous cancers that mainly affect the left testicle.
Symptoms:
Testicular cancer is often discovered by the patient himself in the form of a painless, hard mass, increasing the volume of the bursa sometimes accompanied by discomfort.
Causes:
• A family history of testicular cancer
• A personal history of testicular cancer
• Smoking
• Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles).
Stages of testicular cancer:
• Stage 1: the cancer is still limited to the testicle or the level of at least one marker of the tumour is very high;
• Stage 2: the cancer has spread to the abdominal lymph nodes;
• Stage 3: the cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as the lungs or liver, or the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes of the abdomen and tumour marker levels are high.
Most often surgical, its treatment nowadays allows a cure in the vast majority of cases.
Duration of hospital stay
2 to 4 weeks.
Depending on each patient, the duration varies.
Average length of stay
1 month.
The length of stay varies according to the patients.
Several stays may be necessary.
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The doctor will check the patient's family history and perform a complete check-up. The doctor will also request blood tests and, to complete the diagnosis, an ultrasound scan of the scrotum. Biopsy makes it possible to establish the diagnosis of testicular cancer with certainty.
The ultrasound confirms the testicular tumor. An MRI is sometimes performed. The determination of tumor markers (BetaHcg, alphafoetoproteins, ldh…) in the blood.
The oncologist will establish a treatment plan based on these results.
The first-line treatment for testicular cancer is surgery, which aims to excise the affected testis (orchidectomy). A testicular implant may be placed for cosmetic reasons.
Surgery may sometimes be accompanied by radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both.
In other cases, surgery alone is sufficient. Surgery is sufficient when the cancer is isolated.
Before the operation, a storage of the individual's sperm is proposed, as there are risks of fertility disorders.
General anesthesia
The procedure can last from 1 to 2 hours.
Treatment will depend on the analysis of the removed testicle and the extension assessment, frequently based on chemotherapy, rather in non-seminomatous tumours, or radiotherapy, preferred in seminomas. Microscopic examination of the tumour allows the exact type of tumour to be determined and the additional treatment required after the surgery.
After cancer treatment, doctors usually recommend that patients have blood tests and chest x-rays every month for one year, and every two months for the second year to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.
The patient will be followed by the oncologist to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
A cure rate of more than 90%
Risks:
Hematom
Cicatrizatio
Pain in the woun
Feve
Phlebiti
Pulmonary embolis
Difficulty urinatin
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